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Umkhonto We Sizwe
History of South Africa
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| | 1960 | Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| Helps found the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto We Sizwe |
| Pretoria Africa The ANC flees to Mozambique & develops a military wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe |
| 1961 | Bernstein, Rusty | |
| Appointed Member of the Umkhonto, military wing of the ANC |
| 1961 | Hodgson, Jack | |
| Appointed Member of the Umkhonto, military wing of the ANC |
| 1961 | Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| Nov Founds the High Command of the Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| Nov Founds Umkhonto we Sizwe, "The Spear of the Nation" |
| 16th Dec Leaflets are circulated nationally announcing the birth of Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| 1961 | Sisulu, Walter | |
| Founds Umkhonto, "The Spear of the Nation", member of the High Command |
| 1961 | Slovo, Joe | |
| Founds Umkhonto, "The Spear of the Nation", member of the High Command |
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