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Gustav Stressman
History of Germany

              


1902
USI
Founds the Union of Saxon Indus trialists
1906
Election
First enters the Reichstag as a National Liberal
1907
Election
Elected Member of the Reichstag
1912
Election
Streseman loses his seat
1914
Declaration of War
Supports the war effort & annexationist war aims
1914
Election
Elected Member of the Reichstag
1914
Party Leader
Appointed National Liberal Leader in the Reichstag
1919
Constitution
Berlin Votes against the constitution of the Weimar Republic
1919
Treaty of Versailles
Versailles Opposes the treaty of Versailles
1923
Chancellor
13th Aug Berlin Appointed Chancellor in the "Great Coalition"
6th Oct Berlin Dr Gustav Stresemann (People's) forms 2nd cabinet
1923
Constitution
21st Oct Berlin A Rhineland Republic supported by Belgium & France is declared at Aachen
1923
Economy
Aug To further stabilise the economy Stressman reduces spending and bureaucracy while increasing taxes
13th Aug Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation
13th Aug Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral
Oct Inflation reaches an all time high, 1 US-Dollar costs 40 Billion Marks
Oct War bonds (which are rated by Reichsmark, not Goldmark like the reparations) can be paid back without problems, savings on banks (or in war bonds) are lost, leading to widespread poverty
15th Nov Old Reichsmark 4,200,000,000 = 1 USAdollar
15th Nov Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 USAdollar; at this time
1923
Government
13th Aug Heads a coalition government
1923
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Appointed Foreign Minister
1923
Occupation Ruhr
26th Sep New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr
21st Oct With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval
1923
Passive Resistance
24th Sep Ruhr Chancellor Stresemann ends the passive resistance in the Ruhr
1923
Plot
Munich Restores order after the Munich Beer Hall Putcsh
1923
Rebellion
Thuringia Puts down a communist rebellion in Thuringia
30th Sep Thuringia Major Fedor von Bock crushes a coup attempt by the Black Reichswehr
Oct Hamburg Bloody street riots in Hamburg between communists and the police
Oct Saxony In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these governments to resign
Oct Thuringia In Saxony and Thuringia the coalition-governments of KPD and SPD protest against the prohibition of the communist and socialist press, the Reichwehr forces these governments to resign
Oct Bavaria The Bavarian government takes direct control over the local parts of the Reichswehr
20th Oct Saxony General Alfred Mueller marches on Saxony to prevent a communist takeover
23rd Oct Hamburg Communist takeover of Hamburg
25th Oct Hamburg Hamburg uprising suppressed
29th Oct Saxony The Socialist/Communist government is suppressed in Saxony
8th Nov Munich Beer Hall Putsch in Munich
9th Nov Munich Beer Hall Putsch is crushed
1923
Rentenmark
13th Aug Six days after the Munich putch a reform of the German currency takes place and the Rentenmark is introduced, this effectively ends inflation
13th Aug Stresemann issues the Rentenmark, to halt the extreme hyperinflation crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral
15th Nov Rentenmark issued; pegged to the Gold Standard; Rentenmark 4.2 = 1 USAdollar; at this time
1923
Reparations
26th Sep New Chancellor Gustav Streseman ends the passive resistance during French occupation of the Ruhr
1923
Resignation
23rd Nov Berlin Forced to resign after the Social Democrats leave the coalition
30th Nov Berlin Dr Stresemann leaves office
1923
Rhine Republic
21st Oct Ruhr With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval
1923
Rule of Pfalz
24th Oct Pfalz With French support, separatists try to declare an independet "Autonomous Pfalz" in Speyer
1923
Rule of Ruhr
21st Oct Ruhr With French support, separatists try to declare an independent "Rhine Republic" in Aachen, the plan fails due to resistance by the population and the British disapproval
1923
State of Emergency
26th Sep Berlin Declares an end to passive resistance in the Ruhr
26th Sep Berlin Declares resumption of reparations payments & a state of emergency
1924
Dawes Plan
9th April Accepts the Dawes Plan form German reparations
9th April Foreign loans (primarily from the United States ) would be made available to Germany
9th April Reparation payments would begin at 1 billion marks for the first year and should rise over a period of four years to 2.5 billion marks per year
9th April Sets an upper limit for payment of reparations and limits the time to 37 years, the Motto is "Business, not politics"
9th April The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economic situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the USA
9th April The Dawes Plan provides short term economic benefits to the German economy, It softens the burdens of war reparations, stabilizes the currency, and attracts increased foreign investments and loans to the German market
9th April The German Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision
9th April The Ruhr area is to be evacuated by Allied occupation troops
9th April The sources for the reparation money should include transportation, excise, and custom taxes
1924
Economy
9th April The Dawes Plan is put forward to stabilize the economic situation in Europe, to enable the Germans to pay their reparations and the Allies to pay their debts to the USA
1925
Diplomacy
9th Jan German note sent to France suggesting western security pact
25th Jan German note sent to London suggesting western security pact
1925
League of Nations
Locarno The Council of the League is required to rule on alleged breaches of the treaty & Britain & Italy are, as guarantors, only obliged to intervene without awaiting such a decision in the event of a 'flagrant contravention'
1925
Treaty of Locarno
Locarno Germany signs arbitration conventions with France and Belgium and arbitration treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, refering disputes to an arbitral tribunal or to the Permanent Court of International Justice
Locarno In its final form the treaty of Mutual Guarantee, or Rhineland Pact, as it was more popularly known, confirmed Germany's frontiers with Belgium and France as established at Versailles , including the DMZ
Locarno The principle treaty is signed between Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, and Italy, under which the first three signatories undertook not to attack each other, with the latter two acting as guarantors
9th Feb Locarno Follows Stressman's proposal for a reciprocal of his country's western frontiers as established under the 1919 treaty of Versailles , as a means of facilitating Germany's rehabilitation among the western powers
5th Oct Locarno Germany's security pact proposals result in the Locarno treaties
1st Dec London 7 agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland on 5 October-16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on December 1
1925
Treaty of Mutual Guarantee
Locarno Germany and Belgium, and Germany and France, would not attack each other or resort to war against each other, except in legitimate self-defence
Locarno In its final form the treaty of Mutual Guarantee, or Rhineland Pact, as it was more popularly known, confirmed Germany's frontiers with Belgium and France as established at Versailles , including the DMZ
Locarno The Council of the League is required to rule on alleged breaches of the treaty & Britain & Italy are, as guarantors, only obliged to intervene without awaiting such a decision in the event of a 'flagrant contravention'
1925
Treaty of Versailles
Locarno In its final form the treaty of Mutual Guarantee, or Rhineland Pact, as it was more popularly known, confirmed Germany's frontiers with Belgium and France as established at Versailles , including the DMZ
1926
Evacuation Rhineland
Rhineland Meets Briand to discuss the evacuation of the Rhineland
1926
League of Nations
Berlin Obtains Germany's admission into the League of Nations
8th Sep Berlin Germany enters the League of Nations, the vote is unanimous
8th Sep Berlin The "spirit of Locarno" is seen in Germany's September 1926 admission to the League of Nations
8th Sep Berlin Wins Germany's admission into the League of Nations with a seat in the League council
1926
Nobel Prize
10th Dec Berlin The Nobel Peace Prize is shared by Gustav Stresemann of Germany and Aristide Briand of France
10th Dec Berlin Wins the Nobel Peace Prize with Aristide Briand
1926
Pact
Berlin Accepts the Locarno Pact
1926
Rule of Saarland
Saarland Meets Briand to discuss the return of the Saarland to Germany
1926
Treaty of Locarno
Berlin Accepts the Locarno Pact
The "spirit of Locarno" is seen in Germany's September 1926 admission to the League of Nations
24th April German-Soviet non-aggression pact
1927
Allied Control Commission
Jan The Allied Control Commission is withdrawn from Germany
1928
Diplomacy
Berlin Signs the Kellog-Briand Pact
1928
Pact
Berlin Signs the Kellog-Briand Pact
1929
Death
3rd Oct Berlin Death of Gustav Stressman
1929
Diplomacy
Stresemann proposes that France, Germany and Belgium should recognize as permanent their frontiers that were agreed at Versallies
Stressman promises not to send German troops into the Rhineland and accepts that Alsace-Lorraine is permantely part of France
1929
Pact
8th Feb Berlin Germany accepts the Kellog-Briand Pact
1929
Protocol Litvinov
9th Feb Litvinov Protocol between Russia, Estonia, Latvia & Poland renouncing war
1929
Treaty of Versallies
Stresemann proposes that France, Germany and Belgium should recognize as permanent their frontiers that were agreed at Versallies
1929
Treaty of Young Plan
Berlin Accepts the Young Plan

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