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| ANC Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla |  |
| Pretoria Africa The ANC is banned from SouthAfrica |
| Anniversary Freedom Day Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| 26th June Releases a press release calling for a national constitutional convention |
| 26th June Threatens a nationwide campaign of non-co-operation |
| Armed Struggle Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| June Raises the question of armed struggle with the Working Committee |
| June Durban Africa Authorized by Congress to form a military organization, separate from the ANC |
| June Durban Africa Raises the question of armed struggle with the National Executive |
| Bombing of Umkhonto Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| 16th Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| 31st Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| Bombing of Umkhonto Molife, Petrus | |
| 16th Dec Killed during the planting of bombs at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto |
| Bombing of Umkhonto Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| 16th Dec A bombing campaign held on the Afikaner Dingane's day, anniversarry Blood River |
| 16th Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| 31st Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| Commonwealth Membership Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Mar London Africa Tries to keep Sth Africa within the Commonwealth but is forced to withdraw membership |
| 15th Mar Sth Africa withdraws from the Commonwealth |
| April Despite leaving the Commonwealth preferential trade would continue |
| April Sth Africa leaves the Commonwealth |
| 31st May Sth Africa's membership of the Commonwealth is terminated |
| Communist Party Kotane, Moses | |
| The Communist Party secretly reconstitutes itself as an underground organisation |
| Conference of ANC Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| Supports the idea of a national convention |
| Conference of Commonwealth Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Mar London Africa Tries to keep Sth Africa within the Commonwealth but is forced to withdraw membership |
| Constitution Swart, Charles Robberts | |
| Pretoria Africa Becomes the 1st Sth African Head of State which previously was the British monarch |
| Constitution Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Jan Legislation is prepared to establish the Republic of Sth Africa |
| 31st May The Republic of Sth Africa comes into existence |
| Election Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Aug Brings the election forward to October 1961 |
| Oct The National Party wins 105 seats & the United Party wins 53 seats |
| Election Villiers Graaff, David Pieter de | |
| Only 1 of the 12 party members of the House of Assembly retain their seat |
| Government Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| 31st May Verwoerd forms a republican ministry |
| Legislation Bantu Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Aug Urban Bantu Councils Act, apartheid legislation |
| Legislation Coloured Areas Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Aug Preservation of Coloured Areas Act, apartheid legislation |
| Legislation Coloured Persons Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch | |
| Aug Coloured Persons Reserves Act, apartheid legislation |
| Minister of Coloured Affairs Botha, Pieter | |
| Aug Appointed Minister of Coloured Affairs |
| Minister of Housing Botha, Pieter | |
| Aug Appointed Minister of Housing |
| Minister of Justice Vorster, Balthazar Johannes | |
| Aug Appointed Minister of Justice |
| Nobel Prize Lutuli, Albert | |
| Mar Oslo Africa Winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace |
| President Swart, Charles Robberts | |
| Pretoria Africa Appointed President of Sth Africa |
| Strike Sth Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| May Incites strike action |
| Trial of ANC Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| 29th Mar The Judge dismisses the case because the ANC is not a Communist organization |
| Trial of Mandela Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| 29th Mar The Judge dismisses the case because the ANC is not a Communist organization |
| Umkhonto We Sizwe Bernstein, Rusty | |
| Appointed Member of the Umkhonto, military wing of the ANC |
| Umkhonto We Sizwe Hodgson, Jack | |
| Appointed Member of the Umkhonto, military wing of the ANC |
| Umkhonto We Sizwe Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla | |
| Nov Founds the High Command of the Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| Nov Founds Umkhonto we Sizwe, "The Spear of the Nation" |
| 16th Dec Leaflets are circulated nationally announcing the birth of Umkhonto we Sizwe |
| Umkhonto We Sizwe Sisulu, Walter | |
| Founds Umkhonto, "The Spear of the Nation", member of the High Command |
| Umkhonto We Sizwe Slovo, Joe | |
| Founds Umkhonto, "The Spear of the Nation", member of the High Command |
