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Norman Invasion Wars
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Events
Alliance
Arrest
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Declaration War
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Marriage
Pope
Places
Benevento
Civitate
Civitella
Vatican
Leo IX
History of Italy
1048
Election
Vatican
Elected due to the influence of his cousin
Emperor
Henry
III
1048
Pope
Vatican
Appointed Pope,
Bruno
of Egisheim
1049
Alliance
Vatican
Creates an alliance with
Baldwin
V & threatens the Pope's cousin
Emperor
Henry
II
1049
Marriage
Vatican
Forbids Duke
William
to marry
Matilda
of
Flanders
1053
Arrest
Benevento
Captured by the Normans in battle & escorted to his palace at
Benevento
Vatican
The Normans pay homage & release Leo when he recognizes conquests in southern
Italy
1053
Battle of Civitella
Civitella
Robert
Guiscard
defeats a
Papal
Army in southern
Italy
18th June Civitella
Defeated 10 miles nth west of San Severo by the
Norman
forces of
Robert
Guiscard
18th June Civitella
The inhabitants of
Civitate
hand the Pope over to the Normans
1053
Declaration of War
Vatican
Declares war on the Normans in South
Italy
1054
Arrest
Benevento
Held by the Normans at
Benevento
Benevento
Returned to Rome after his recognition of the
Norman
conquests in
Italy
1054
Independence
16th July Civitate
After Byzantium fails to support the Pope the "Universal"
Church
splits
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