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History of Russia

              


1815
Alexander I  Alliance
  Alexander hopes to establish a new Christian order in Europe
1825
Alexander I  Death
13th Dec Crimea   Dies after eating wild mushrooms
1873
Alexander II  Alliance
22nd Oct   An Alliance of the Emperors of Germany, Russia & Austria
1866
Alexander II  Assassination
  An attempt is made on Alexander's life by an ex-student, Karakozov
  Provokes a wave of repression against the universities
13th Mar   Alexander II, Tsar of Russia, is assassinated, a bomb is thrown at him near his palace by the anarchist group People's Will led by Sophia Perovskaya
1878
Alexander II  Capture of Adrianople
Adrianople   Russia captures Adrianople
1877
Alexander II  Capture of Kars
Kars   Russia captures Kars
1877
Alexander II  Capture of Plevna
Plevna   Russia captures Plevna
1863
Alexander II  Congress of Vienna
Vienna   Poland becomes a Russian Province, the Vistula Region
1891
Alexander II  Dardanelles
29th Aug Dardanelles   The Sultan opens the Dardanelles to Russian shipping only
1881
Alexander II  Death
13th Mar St Petersburg   Death of Alexander II, assasinated
1877
Alexander II  Declaration of War
  Russia declares war on Turkey
1873
Alexander II  Diplomacy
  Russia establishes a fixed boundary between Afghanistan and it's new territories, Russia promised to respect Afghanistan's territorial integrity
22nd Oct   An Alliance of the Emperors of Germany, Russia & Austria
1891
Alexander II  Grain Exports
11th Aug   All exports of grain from Russia are banned
1883
Alexander III  Coronation
Moscow   Crowned Tsar of Russia
1891
Alexander III  Expulsion Jews
22nd April Moscow   Decrees the expulsion of Jews from Moscow
1881
Alexander III  Manifesto Alexander III
13th May   "..the voice of God commands us to stand bravely at the helm of the state"
1866
Alexander III  Marriage
  Marries Dagmar, daughter of Christian IX of Denmark & sister of Queen Alexandra
1865
Alexander III  Succession
  Becomes heir apparrent on the death of his elder brother Nikolay
  Succeeds as Tsar of Russia, Succeeds his father Alexander II
1880
Alexander II  Marriage
  Alexander II marries Catherine Dolgoruky
1866
Alexander II  Plot
  An attempt is made on Alexander's life by an ex-student, Karakozov
1861
Alexander II  Rebellion
  Supresses land tax riots
Peasants   Supresses land tax riots
1866
Alexander II  Repression Universities
  The death of Alexander I provokes a wave of repression against the universities
1873
Alexander II  Rule of Afghanistan
  Russia establishes a fixed boundary between Afghanistan and it's new territories, Russia promised to respect Afghanistan's territorial integrity
1867
Alexander II  Rule of Alaska
  Russia agrees to sell Alaska to Washington for seven million dollars
1872
Alexander II  Rule of Bokhara
12th Aug Bokhara   Russia assumes suzerainty over Bokhara
1872
Alexander II  Rule of Khiva
12th Aug Khiva   Russia assumes suzerainty over Khiva
1875
Alexander II  Rule of Kurile Islands
Kurile Islands   Under the St Petersburg treaty Russian sovereignty over Kurile is recognized by Japan
1863
Alexander II  Rule of Poland
Vistula Region   At the Congress of Vienna Poland becomes a Russian Province, the Vistula Region
1875
Alexander II  Rule of Sakhalin
Sakhalin   Under the St Petersburg treaty Russian ruleover Sakhalin is recognized by Japan
1867
Alexander II  Sale Alaska
  Russia agrees to sell Alaska to Washington for seven million dollars
1855
Alexander II  Serfdom
  Appoints a committee to draw up a decree for the abolition of serfdom
  Issues the act of abolition abolishing serfdom but lacks the power to implement it
1877
Alexander II  Siege of Constantinople
Constantinople   Britain warns Russia not to capture Constantinople
1855
Alexander II  Succession
Moscow   Succeeds as Tsar of Russia
1875
Alexander II  Treaty of St Petersburg
St Petersburg   Under the St Petersburg treaty Russian ruleover Kurile is recognized by Japan
St Petersburg   Under the St Petersburg treaty Russian ruleover Sakhalin is recognized by Japan
1825
Alexander I  Rule of Alaska
22nd Feb   Russia and Britain establish the Alaska/Canada boundary
1801
Alexander I  Succession
  Succeeds as Tsar of Russia
1815
Alexander I  Treaty of Vienna
Vienna   Alexander I is made King of Poland
Vienna   The Kingdom of Poland is created from the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
1815
Alexander I  Unification
  The Kingdom of Poland is created from the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
1894
Alexandra Fyodorovna  Marriage
  Marries Nicholas II, granddaughter of Queen Victoria
1801
Arakcheyev  Royal Advisor
  Appointed Advisor to Alexander I
1789
Catherine II the Great  Alliance
  Joseph II honours his Alliance of 1781 & launches a Habsburg army against Serbia
Belgrade   The Austrian army captures Belgrade & Russia occupies the Rumanian Black Sea coast
1785
Catherine II the Great  Charter Nobility
  Noble status is made hereditary
  The Nobility Charter grants limited rights of noble assembly & provincial Government
  The nobles are granted full control over their serfs and lands
1762
Catherine II the Great  Death
17th July Rospha   Death of Peter III, at the hands of Alexei Orlov (younger brother to Gregory Orlov, then court favorite and a participant in the coup)
10th Nov   Dies of apoplexy aged 67
1788
Catherine II the Great  Diplomacy
  A Swedish & Turkish Alliance is formed against Russia
1782
Catherine II the Great  Greek Plan
Moscow   Issues the "Greek Plan", to restore the Byzantine Empire under a Romanov Emperor
1789
Catherine II the Great  Invasion of Romania
Belgrade   The Austrian army captures Belgrade & Russia occupies the Rumanian Black Sea coast
1788
Catherine II the Great  Invasion of Russia
St Petersberg   Sweden invades 150 miles away from St Petersburg
1779
Catherine II the Great  League Armed Neutrality
  Russia, Denmark, Sweden & Norway form an Alliance to defend neutral shipping rights
28th Feb   Announces there should be free trade for all neutral vessels
  The States General of the United Provinces joins the League of Armed Neutrality
  Portugal joins the League of Armed Neutrality
1794
Catherine II the Great  Odessa
Odessa   Odessa is founded as a capital province of "New Russia" & window to the sth
1772
Catherine II the Great  Partition
Dwina   Partitions Poland from Dwina to Kiev
  Makes a Treaty with Josef II promising him the Eastern half of the Balkans
  Makes her grandson, Constantine, ruler of a new Greek Empire
  Partitions the Balkans to drive the Turks out of Europe
23rd Jan   Prussia takes Danzig & great Poland
23rd Jan   Russia has the right of troop movements & to direct Polish foreign policy
23rd Jan   Russia takes most of Lithuania & western Ukraine
24th Oct St Petersburg   Russia, Austria and Prussia hold a convention in Petersburg to finalize the 3rd division of the Polish-Lithuanian Republic
15th Jan St Petersburg   Russia, Prussia and Austria sign an act that terminates the Lithuanian-Polish state
1790
Catherine II the Great  Peace
  Agrees a status quo peace with Gustav III of Sweden after Denmark attacks Sweden
Jassy   Peace is agreed between Turkey & Russia at Jassy
River Dniester   The River Dniester becomes the new frontier between Russia & Turkey
Jessy   The Rumanian principalities are returned to Turkey
1762
Catherine II the Great  Rebellion
14th July   In the course of July 13 and July 14, the revolt of the Leib Guard removes Peter from the throne and proclaimes Catherine as reigning Empress
1785
Catherine II the Great  Reform
  The Nobility Charter grants limited rights of noble assembly & provincial Government
1785
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Alaska
  Catherine II encourages the colonization of Alaska
1782
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Byzantine Empire
Moscow   Issues the "Greek Plan", to restore the Byzantine Empire under a Romanov Emperor
1784
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Constantinople
Constantinople   Catherine's "Grand Plan" of restoring Romananov rulefrom Constantinople ends
1782
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Greece
Moscow   Issues the "Greek Plan", to restore the Byzantine Empire under a Romanov Emperor
1784
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Kodiak
Kodiak Island   Russia establishes a settlement on Kodiak Island
1797
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Poland Poland
15th Jan St Petersburg   Russia, Prussia and Austria sign an act that terminates the Lithuanian-Polish state
1764
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Poland
Warsaw   Secures the election of her nominee King Stanislas Poniatowski to the throne of Poland
24th Oct St Petersburg   Russia, Austria and Prussia hold a convention in Petersburg to finalize the 3rd division of the Polish-Lithuanian Republic
1789
Catherine II the Great  Rule of Romania
Belgrade   The Austrian army captures Belgrade & Russia occupies the Rumanian Black Sea coast
Jessy   The Romanian principalities are returned to Turkey
1762
Catherine II the Great  Succession
14th July   In the course of July 13 and July 14, the revolt of the Leib Guard removes Peter from the throne and proclaimes Catherine as reigning Empress
17th July   Although not descended from any Russian Emperor, Catherine succeeds her husband and becomes reigning Empress, following an earlier precedent when Catherine I succeeded Peter I in 1725
17th July   Catherine's ascension manifesto justifies her succession by citing the "unanimous election" but many regard her reign as a usurpation, tolerable only during the minority of Grand Duke Paul
25th Dec   Peter succeeds to the throne as Peter III of Russia and moves into the new Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Catherine thus becomes Empress Consort of Russia
1880
Dolgoruky, Catherine   Marriage
  Alexander II marries Catherine Dolgoruky
  Alexander II marries Catherine Dolgoruky after the death of Marie Alexandrovna
1833
Nicholas I  Convention Munchengratz
Munchengratz   Austria, Prussia & Russia will go to each others' aid in combatting liberal insurgence
Munchengratz   Crowned heads of Austria, Russia & Prussia renew the Holy Alliance which lasts 20 yrs
Munchengratz   The Ottoman Empire is preserved & the partition of Poland retained
1827
Nicholas I  Decree Cantonist Decree
  Conscripts all male Jews aged 12-25
1849
Nicholas I  Exile of Nicholas I
Aug   Helps drive out Hungary's Nationalist leader, Kossuth
1912
Nicholas II  Alliance
15th Nov   Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France backed Serbia while Italy and Germany back Austria
1868
Nicholas II  Birth
18th May   Birth of Nicholas II
1998
Nicholas II  Burial
17th July   Russia buries Tsar Nicholas II and family, 80 years after they died
1905
Nicholas II  Constitution
19th Aug Moscow   Signs a manifesto summoning the Imperial Duma
19th Aug Moscow   Signs a manifesto summoning the Imperial Duma
19th Aug Moscow   The Duma has advisory powers but is without legislative authority
19th Aug Moscow   The Duma has advisory powers but is without legislative authority
30th Oct St Petersburg   Issues a manifesto granting a suffrage law for elections to the Duma
30th Oct St Petersburg   Issues a manifesto granting freedom of speech, conscience & Assembly
30th Oct St Petersburg   Issues a manifesto granting the right of Labour to organize
1912
Nicholas II  Diplomacy
15th Nov   Austria denounces Serbian gains in the Balkans; Russia and France backed Serbia while Italy and Germany back Austria
1914
Nicholas II  Dismissal
Moscow   Dismisses the Prime Minister for liberal tendencies & removes Duma immunities
1906
Nicholas II  Duma Closing
Vyborg   180 Deputies protest about the dissolution of the 1st Duma by Nicholas II
1906
Nicholas II  Duma Opening
Moscow   1st State Duma, elected by universal male suffrage, meets for 73 days
Moscow   The franchise is restricted & the 3rd Duma meets for its full 5 year term, 1907-12
20th Feb Moscow   The 2nd Duma meets in 1907 for 102 days
15th Nov Moscow   The 4th & last Duma opens, 1912-1917
1912
Nicholas II  Duma Oppostion
Moscow   The Duma opposes the Tsar's war policy & becomes critical of the Royal regime
1913
Nicholas II  Faberge Imperial Rock Crystal Egg
  The The Faberge Imperial rock crystal egg with rose cut diamonds set in platinum is created for the Tsar, an American in 1994 pays $5.5 mil for the egg, only 56 eggs are commissioned by the Tsars and Tsarinas
1914
Nicholas II  Government
  Appoints Goremykin Prime Minister of the Duma to stamp out the revolutionary movement
1912
Nicholas II  Independence
  After the fall of the Manchu dynasty, Mongol princes, supported by tsarist Russia, declare the independence of Mongolia from China
1906
Nicholas II  Manifesto Vyborg
Vyborg   180 Deputies protest about the dissolution of the 1st Duma by Nicholas II
1894
Nicholas II  Marriage
  Marries Alexandria of Hesse, granddaughter of Queen Victoria
1849
Nicholas I  Invasion of Hungary
June   Invades Hungary to assist Franz Josej against the Hungarian Nationalists
Aug   Helps drive out Hungary's Nationalist leader, Kossuth
1894
Nicholas II  Succession
  Succeeds as Tsar of Russia, Eldest son of Alexander III
  Succeeds as Tsar of Russia, Eldest son of Alexander III
1850
Nicholas I  Rule of Holstein
Holstein   France, Britain & Russia sign a protocol recognizing Danish rulein Holstein
1846
Nicholas I  Siege of Cracow
12th Mar Cracow   Austrian & Russian troops occupy Cracow
1796
Paul I  Alliance
  Joins the 2nd Coalition against France
  Forms the 2nd League of Armed Neutrality comprising Russia, Prussia, Denmark & Sweden
1801
Paul I  Assassination
23rd Mar Moscow   Russian officers declare Alexander Emperor
23rd Mar Moscow   Strangled in his bed during a Kremlin coups by drunken Russian Officers
1801
Paul I  Death
23rd Mar Moscow   Death of Paul I
1800
Paul I  League Armed Neutrality
  Forms the 2nd League of Armed Neutrality comprising Russia, Prussia, Denmark & Sweden
1796
Paul I  Succession
  Succeeds as Tsar of Russia, son of Peter III & Catherine the Great
1762
Peter III  Death
Rospha   Assassinated after the abdication & succeeded by his wife Catherine II
1762
Peter III  Emancipation Nobles
  Peter III emancipates the nobles from state service, allowing development of a leisured, cultured class
1762
Peter III  Succession
  Succeeds as Tsar of Russia
1880
Yurevskaya  Marriage
  Catherine Dolgoruky marries Alexander II & becomes Princess Yurevskaya
  Marries the Tsar after being a mistress for 14 years

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