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| Abdication of Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel III |  |
| April Promises to retire when the Allies enter Rome |
| 5th June Signs a decree making Umberto "Lieutenant of the Realm" |
| Arrest of Ciano Ciano | |
| Munich Tricked by Ribbentrop into traveling to Munich & blamed for Mussolini's downfall |
| 11th Jan Munich Arrested for corruption, along with other members of the Fascist Grand Council |
| Arrest of Ciano Ciano, Galeazzo | |
| Munich Tricked by Ribbentrop into traveling to Munich & blamed for Mussolini's downfall |
| 11th Jan Munich Arrested for corruption, along with other members of the Fascist Grand Council |
| Arrest of Mussolini Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| 12th Sep Rescued by daring German parachute jump from his place of internment in the Apennines |
| Battle of Florence Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| Aug Florence The Allies capture Florence |
| Capture of Alto Adige Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| Alto Adige Forced to recognize the capture of Alto Adige by Germany |
| Capture of Rome Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| June Rome Mussolini begs Hitler not to withdraw from Rome without a fight but is ignored |
| June Mussolini begs Hitler not to withdraw from Rome without a fight but is ignored |
| Capture of Trieste Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| Trieste Forced to recognize the capture of Trieste by Germany |
| Death of Ciano, Galeazzo Ciano, Galeazzo | |
| 11th Jan Death of Galeazzo Ciano, executed |
| Death of Ciano Ciano | |
| 11th Jan Death of Galeazzo Ciano, executed |
| Death of Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| Forms a new regime & is forced to have his son-in-law executed |
| Diplomacy Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| April Mussolini visits Hitler & is blamed for defeat on the Russian front |
| July Visits his Italian trops on the Russian front |
| 20th July Visits Hitler at the Fuhrer HQ in Germany after the failure of the Stauffenberg plot |
| Execution of Ciano Ciano | |
| 11th Jan Executed with those who betrayed Mussolini at the Grand Council meeting 25 July '43 |
| Execution of Ciano Ciano, Galeazzo | |
| 11th Jan Executed with those who betrayed Mussolini at the Grand Council meeting 25 July '43 |
| Execution of Ciano Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| Forms a new regime & is forced to have his son-in-law executed |
| 11th Jan Has Ciano & 4 others executed who betrayed him at the Grand Council of 25th July 1943 |
| Invasion of Italy Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| June Rome The Allies reach Rome |
| June The Allies reach Rome |
| Peace Badoglio, Pietro | |
| Calls for an armistice with the Allies |
| Pope John XXIII | |
| Vatican Appointed Nuncio to France, 1944-1953 |
| Purge Grand Council Mussolini, Benito Amilicare Andrea | |
| 11th Jan Has Ciano & 4 others executed who betrayed him at the Grand Council of 25th July 1943 |
| Succession of Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel III | |
| Relinquishes all his power to his son Umberto II |
| Surrender Italy Hitler, Adolf |  |
| Sep Italy surrenders to the Allies |
