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FNLA
History of Angola
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| | 1960 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| Luanda A northern based party with an ethnic base among the Bakongo people |
| Luanda Led by Holden Roberto, the FNLA evolves from the Uniao das Populacoes do Norte de Angola |
| 1961 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| The FNLA mounts the first serious challenge to Portuguese rule in Angola, it receives support from Za‹re, the USA and China |
| 15th Mar Organizes Bakongo militants, launches an incursion into Angola, leading 4,000 to 5,000 militants |
| 1962 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| Roberto merges the UPA with the Democratic Party of Angola to form the FNLA |
| UNITA merges with the Democratic Party of Angola |
| 27th Mar Roberto establishes the Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile, appointing Savimbi to the position of Foreign Minister |
| 1963 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| Roberto visits Israel in the 1960s and received aid from the Israeli government from 1963 to 1969 |
| 1964 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| Savimbi leaves the FNLA and founds UNITA in response to Roberto's unwillingness to spread the war outside the traditional Kingdom of Kongo |
| 1975 | Neto, Antonio Agostinho | |
| 11th Nov UNITA and the FNLA also declare Angolan independence as the Social Democratic Republic of Angola based in Huambo and the Democratic Republic of Angola based in Ambriz |
| 1975 | Savimbi, Jonas | |
| Attacking Luanda from the north, the FNLA are defeated and never recover, elements of the FNLA are eventually absorbed into UNITA |
| 1976 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| The MPLA defeats the FNLA in the battle of Dead Road and the FNLA retreated to Zaire |
| 1979 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| Paris Roberto is exiled to Paris , and a new but still ineffectual group, the Military Council of Angolan Resistance (COMIRA), was formed by ex-FNLA guerrillas and quickly disbanded |
| 1984 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| 1,500 FNLA fighters and 20,000 civilian supporters surrender, prompting Roberto to accept the MPLA's amnesty agreement, effectively shutting down the militant arm of the FNLA |
| 1991 | Roberto, Holden Alvaro | |
| Runs unsuccessfully for President, receiving only 2.1% of the vote, the FNLA wins five seats in Parliament but refuses to participate in the government |
| The FNLA and MPLA agree to the Bicesse Accords , allowing Roberto to return to Angola |
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