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| 0934 | Constantine II |  |
| Fordun Athelstan attacks the east coast of Scotland & reaches Fordun in the Mearns |
| 0937 | Constantine II | |
Brananburgh Defeated by Athelstan who establishes his control over all of Britain  |
Brananburgh Defeated by the forces of Athelstan & thereafter seeks the friendship of the English  |
| Brananburgh Retaliates against Athelstan's invasion of Scotia but is defeated |
| 0939 | Olaf Guthfrithson | |
| York AmlaĦb mac Gofraid siezes York without resistance |
| 0945 | Malcolm I | |
| Edmund submits Strathclyde to Malcolm in exchange for an alliance |
| Cumbria Given Cumbria by the West Saxon King Edmund I |
| Makes peace with Edmund which lasts for 50 years |
| 1016 | Malcolm II | |
| Lothian The battle of Carham is a victory for the Scottish king Malcolm II and the battle is thought to have strengthened Scotland 's hold on Lothian |
| 1018 | Malcolm II | |
| Carham A battle between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of Northumbria at Carham on Tweed |
| Carham After Carham, much of present day Scotland is under the control of the King of Scots |
| Carham Captures the area between the Tweed & Firth of Forth & Lothian from the English |
| Carham Defeats the Northumbrians on the Tweed River |
| River Tweed Establishes the River Tweed as the nth boundary of Northumbria, had been Edinburgh |
| Carham King Owen of Strathclyde is killed |
| Lothian Recaptures much of Lothian from the English after the battle of Carham |
| Carham River Tweed becomes the border between Scotland and England |
| Carham The battle of Carham is a victory for the Scottish king Malcolm II and the battle is thought to have strengthened Scotland 's hold on Lothian |
| Carham The kingdom of Northumbria withdraws from Edinburgh to the River Tweed |
| Carham With Malcolm II as king and Owen of Strathclyde supporting him, an important battle is fought against Earl Uhtred of Bamburgh and his Northumbrian army at Carham, near Roxburgh |
| 1031 | Malcolm II | |
| Scotia Canute arrives in Scotland & forces the Scottish Kings to submit to him |
| 1054 | Macbeth | |
| Edward the Confessor places Siward of Nothumbria in charge of the invasion |
| Malcolm III, "son of the king of the Cumbrians" is restored to his throne, as ruler of kingdom of Strathclyde |
| Firth of Tay Siward of Northumbria takes his fleet into the Firth of Tay |
| Scotia Supported by Edward the Confessor in his attempts to gain the throne of Scotland |
| 27th July Dunsinnan Duncan's son Malcolm defeats MacBeth which leads to his overthrow & death 3 yrs later |
| 27th July Dunsinnan Macbeth is defeated in battle by the army of Siward of Northumbria but not deposed |
| 1054 | Malcolm III | |
| Malcolm III, "son of the king of the Cumbrians" is restored to his throne, as ruler of kingdom of Strathclyde |
| 1057 | Lulach | |
| 15th Aug Lumphanan Macbet's stepson Lulach is installed as King soon after the battle of Lumphanan |
| 1057 | Macbeth | |
| 15th Aug Lumphanan Macbeth is defeated and killed by Malcolm III in battle at Lumphanan, on the north side of the Mounth |
| 15th Aug Lumphanan Macbet's stepson Lulach is installed as King soon after the battle of Lumphanan |
| 15th Aug Lumphanan Scotland loses is purely Celtic nature & becomes more Ango-Norman |
| 1057 | Malcolm III | |
| Cumberland Malcolm III tries to recapture Cumberland which had been siezed by Earl Siward for England |
| 15th Aug Lumphanan Macbeth is defeated and killed by Malcolm III in battle at Lumphanan, on the north side of the Mounth |
| 1059 | Malcolm III | |
| Edward the Confessor & Malcolm III agree peace |
| Malcolm III agrees to support Tostig as Earl of Northumbria |
| 1061 | Malcolm III | |
| Cumberland Claims to take posession of ancient Scottish lands |
| Lindesfarne Malcolm III lays waste to Lindesfarne |
| Northumbria Malcolm III's raids in Northumbria are related to the disputed "Kingdom of the Cumbrians", reestablished by Earl Siward in 1054 |
| Northumbria Malcolm's 1st invasion of Northumbria, reaches as far as Durham |
| 1066 | Malcolm III | |
| Northumbria Malcolm plots with Tostig to recapture Northumbria |
| Tostig gains exile from Nortumbria in Malcolm's court |
| 1070 | Malcolm III | |
| Northumbria Launches 2nd invasion of Nortumbria which ends in the same year outside Durham |
| Malcolm hosts the claimant to the throne of England , Edgar the Atheling |
| Cumbria Malcolm III gains control of Cumbria |
| Cleveland The Scots ravage towns as far south as Cleveland |
| 1072 | Duncan II | |
| Duncan II is sent as a hostage to the English Court |
| 1072 | Malcolm III | |
| Abernethy Malcolm III cannot harbour any of William the Conqueror's enemies |
| Abernethy Malcolm III makes peace & becomes a vassal |
| Abernethy Subjugates himself to William the Conqueor & gives his son Duncan as a hostage |
| Perth William I invades Scotland crossing Lothian & the Forth reaching Perth |
| June Abernethy In the treaty of Abernethy between William the Conqueror & Malcolm III of Scotland Malcolm pays homage to William |
| June Abernethy In the treaty of Abernethy Malcolm III agrees to expel Edgar |
| 1079 | Malcolm III | |
| Northumbria Launches an invasion of Northumbria despite the Treaty of Abernathy |
| 1080 | Malcolm III | |
| Northumbria After Malcolm III's invasion of Northumbria the Abernethy treaty is renewed at Falkirk |
| Northumbria After the death of William I, Malcolm invades Northumbria, allied with Edgar |
| Falkirk A southern border extending from the Tyne to Stainmore is agreed |
| Northumbria Invades Northumbria, repelled by William the Conqueror's son Robert Curthose |
| 1087 | Duncan II | |
| Released by the English Court |
| 1091 | Malcolm III | |
| Falkirk Forced to renew the homage made to William the Conqueror under the treaty of Abernathy |
| Durham Invades Northumbria by taking siege of Durham |
| Lothian Malcolm III is forced to renew the treaty of Abernethy after the Scots invasion is halted at Lothian |
| Lothian The Scottish invasion of England grinds to a halt in Lothian |
| 1093 | Malcolm III | |
| Alnwick Defeat ends the Scottish Invasion of England |
| Alnwick Malcolm III is killed at the hands of Robet de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland |
| Berwick Malcolm III is killed during his final invasion of England |
| Alnwick The siege comes to an end after Malcolm III's defeat at Malcolm's Cross |
| 13th Nov Alnwick After Malcolm III and his second son Edward are killed near Alnwick Donald, Malcolm's brother, becomes the king of Scotland . Malcolm's family, including Edgar, are forced into exiled in England |
| 1093 | Mowbray | |
| Alnwick Death of Malcolm III, killed by Mowbray in battle |
| 1094 | Duncan II | |
| Monthecin Duncan II is killed by his stepbrother Edmund & Donald II Ban |
| 1097 | Donald III Ban | |
| Rescobie Blinded & imprisoned at Rescobie, Forfarshire |
| Blinded & sentenced to life imprisonment by Edgar |
| Deposed as co-ruler of Scotland by Edgar & an English Army backed by William Rufus |
| 1097 | Edgar | |
| Wessex Flees to England & gains support by becoming a vassal of William II |
Magnus III of Norway  sets off on a wave of conquest around the Scottish coast |
| Wessex On his father's death flees to England & becomes a vassal of William II |
| 1097 | Edmund | |
| Edgar raises an army with William II's support & deposes both Edmund & Donald |
| 1135 | David I | |
| Alnwick David I occupies Alnwick |
| Carlisle David I occupies Carlisle |
| Newcastle David I occupies Newcastle |
| Norham David I occupies Norham |
| Wark David I occupies Wark |
| On Stephen's accession David, Matilda's maternal uncle, invades England |
| 1136 | David I | |
| Jan David I crosses the border and reaches Durham, he captures Carlisle, Wark, Alnwick, Norham and Newcastle upon Tyne |
| 5th Feb Durham David I is granted Carlisle and Doncaster, with Carlisle went much of Cumberland and the honour of Lancaster |
| 1138 | David I | |
| Northumberland David I captures Northumberland after being defeated at the battle of the Standard |
| David I leads an Army into England |
| 22nd Aug Northallerton David I is defeated near Northallerton while invading England in support of Matilda against Stephen |
| 1139 | David I | |
| 9th April Durham Signed between Stephen & David I, David's son is given Northumberland |
| 1149 | David I | |
| David I unsuccessfully invades England after being repulsed by Stephen |
| 1174 | William I the Lion | |
| William I is captured & arrested while invading England |
| 1209 | William I the Lion | |
| Northumberland Agrees with John I to renounce Northumberland & handover 15,000 marks |
| Northumberland Offers 15,000 marks for Northumberland but negotiations with Richard I breakdown |
| William I the Lion agrees a marriage between his daughter & John |
| 1215 | Alexander II | |
| Alexander II leads an invasion force into England in support of the English barons against King John |
| Supports the English Barons in their rebellion against King John |
| 1216 | Alexander II | |
| Alexander is defeated by the English as he approaches London |
| Sep Alexender pays homage to Louis Capet for the nth counties of England |
| 1217 | Alexander II | |
| May Mitford Begins the siege of Mitford Castle |
| 1237 | Alexander II | |
| York Alexander abandons his claims to Cumberland, Westmorland & Northumberland |
| York The border with England is settled on the present line from Berwick-Upon-Tweed to the Solway Firth |
| York The treaty of York is signed between Henry III and Alexander II |
| 1243 | Alexander II | |
| Henry III threatens to invade Scotland but cannot gain the support of enough English barons |
| 1244 | Alexander II | |
| Newcastle Supports the English Barons against John & recognizes Henry III as his liege Lord |
| 1295 | Balliol | |
| Berwick Edward I sacks Berwick as punishment for John Balliol's treachery |
| 1295 | Balliol, John | |
Edward I invades Scotland after John Balliol renounces allegiance & allies with France  |
| 1296 | Balliol | |
| Tower of London Edward I sends John to Hereford and then to the Tower of London |
| 1st Mar Berwick Fails to appear at Berwick to stand trial, Edward I uses this to invade Scotland |
| April Hexham Scottish Lords devastate Tynedale & Redesdale & reach as far as Hexham |
| 27th April Dunbar Defeated by King John who then declares himself King of Scotland |
| 27th April Dunbar The Earl of Surrey routes the Scottish army at the battle of Dunbar and by 11th July Edinburgh Castle had fallen and John had surrendered |
| June Montrose John Balliol surrenders to the English |
| 11th July Brechin At Brechin Edward subjected John to the humiliation of having his royal regalia stripped from him |
| 11th July Brechin John Balliol renounces his crown & kingdom in front of Edward I |
| 11th July Edinburgh The Earl of Surrey routes the Scottish army at the battle of Dunbar and by 11th July Edinburgh Castle had fallen and John had surrendered |
| 1296 | Comyn, John | |
| Dunbar Comyn is arrested after the battle of Dunbar |
| 1296 | Douglas, William | |
| Dec William Douglas is released |
| 1296 | Mentieth, John de | |
| Tower of London Arrested after the battle of Dunbar |
| 1297 | Douglas, William | |
| Sanquhar Captures Sanquhar castle before being in turn besieged |
| Supports William Wallace |
| Sanquhar William Wallace defeats the English at Dalswinton & then raises the siege of Sanquhar |
| 12th June Essex Edward I declares forfeit all Douglas' lands in Esssex & Northumberland |
| 1297 | Moray, Andrew de | |
| Nov Stirling Bridge After the battle of Stirling Bridge, Sir Andrew de Moray, Wallace's friend and right hand military advisor died of the terrible wounds he had received at Stirling Bridge |
| 1297 | Robert I the Bruce | |
| Falkirk Fights the English at the battle of Falkirk |
| July Irvine Forced to surrender to Henry de Percy & Robert de Clifford |
| 1297 | Wallace, William | |
| Stirling Bridge After the battle of Stirling Bridge, Sir Andrew de Moray, Wallace's friend and right hand military advisor died of the terrible wounds he had received at Stirling Bridge |
| Lanark Attacks Lanark & kills the English sheriff |
| Lanark Drives the English out of Perth, Stirling & Lanark |
| Stirling Bridge Joins forces with the Andrew de Moray & virtually frees Scotland of English occupation |
| Dundee Lays siege to Dundee after the defeat at Irvine |
| Scone Marches to Scone from Lanark & expels the English Justiciar |
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