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ANC History of South Africa                  1898 Birth South Africa Lutuli, Albert Bulawayo Africa Birth of Albert Lutuli 1912 ANC South Africa Dube, John Langalibalele Bloemfontein Africa Founds & leads the forerunner of the Africa National Congress 1912 Birth South Africa Sisulu, Walter Max Ulyate Engcobo Africa Birth of Walter Max Ulyate Sisulu 1918 Birth South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Umtata Africa Birth of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela 1940 ANC South Africa Sisulu, Walter Max Ulyate Appointed Member of the ANC 1942 Birth South Africa Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa 18th June Birth of Thabo Mbeki 1943 ANC South Africa Sisulu, Walter Max Ulyate Appointed Treasurer of the ANC Youth League Helps fond the activist ANC Youth League 1944 ANC South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Appointed Member of the ANC 1944 ANC South Africa Sobukwe, Robert Dec Appointed Member of the ANC Youth League 1948 NRC South Africa Lutuli, Albert Appointed Member of the Native Representitive Council 1949 President South Africa Moroka, James Appointed President-General of the ANC 1949 Secretary General South Africa Sisulu, Walter Max Ulyate Appointed Secretary-General of the ANC 1950 ANC South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Helps found the ANC Youth League 1950 Convention ANC South Africa Moroka, James Mar Johannesburg Africa The ANC adopts the "Programme of Action" The ANC launch "Freedom Day" against racial discrimination 26th June The ANC calls for a National Day of Protest & Mourning 1950 President South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Appointed President of the ANC Youth League 1951 President South Africa Lutuli, Albert Appointed Provincial President of the ANC 1952 Arrest South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Johannesburg Africa Given a 9 month suspended sentence & forbidden to leave Johannesburg for 6 months 26th June Nelson Mandela and 51 others infringe SouthAfrica curfew 1952 Demonstrations South Africa Modise, Joe 8th Feb Johannesburg Africa Address es a meeting of 500 activists opposed to forced removals from Sophiatown 1952 Deputy Nat Pes ANC Mandela South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Appointed Deputy National President of the ANC 1952 Evacuation Sophiatown South Africa Mandela, Daniel Francois 9th Feb Johannesburg Africa The forced evacuation confirms Mandela's belief in armed & violent resistance 1952 Law Firm South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Johannesburg Africa Jointly sets up the 1st black law practice in Johannesburg, Mandela & Tambo 1952 President South Africa Lutuli, Albert Dec Appointed President-General of the ANC, 1st term 1954 Secretary South Africa Sobukwe, Robert Appointed Secretary of the ANC Standerton Branch 1955 Expulsion Blacks South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla 9th Jan Johannesburg Africa Decides that there is no alternative to armed & violent resistance 1955 President South Africa Lutuli, Albert Appointed President-General of the ANC, 2nd term 1956 ANC South Africa Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa Appointed Member of the ANC 1956 Arrest South Africa Lutuli, Albert Pretoria Africa Arrested for treason although never tried 1958 PAC South Africa Sobukwe, Robert Advocates breaking away from the ANC & forms the Pan Africanist Congress 1958 President South Africa Lutuli, Albert Appointed President-General of the ANC, 3rd term 1959 Conference of ANC South Africa Lutuli, Albert Dec Durban Africa A conference is held during Durban's anti-pass demonstrations Dec Durban Africa Conference votes to initiate an anti-pass law campaign with a pass bonfire 26th June Dec Durban Africa A conference is held during Durban's anti-pass demonstrations Dec Durban Africa Conference votes to initiate an anti-pass law campaign with a pass bonfire 26th June 1959 Expulsion Mbeki South Africa Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa Lovedale Africa Expelled from Lovedale School for leading a student strike 1959 Lutuli South Africa Lutuli, Albert Banned & confined to the Lower Tugela District for 5 yrs 1960 ANC South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Sep The ANC decides to go underground & dispense with it's constitutional procedures 8th April Membership of the ANC & the PAC is punishable by imprisonment 8th April The ANC is banned until 1990 1960 ANC South Africa Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch 8th April The ANC & PAC are banned by the Unlawful Organizations Act 1960 Armament South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Helps found the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto We Sizwe 1960 Arrest South Africa Lutuli, Albert Mar Arrested for 5 months 21st Mar The PAC announces it will launch it's own anti-pass law campaign 26th Mar Pretoria Africa Publicly burns his pass during a demonstration 28th Mar Cape Town Africa 50,000 demonstrate against the pass laws in the township of Langa 28th Mar The ANC's Day of Mourning for the Sharpeville Massacre 28th Mar The ANC's national stay-at-home day 31st Mar 1st day of the ANC campaign against the Pass Laws 31st Mar Durban Africa Anti-Pass Law deptutations are sent to local authorities 1960 Campaign Pass Laws South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla 26th Mar Orlando Africa Publicly burns his pass in front of the press 1960 Campaign Pass Laws South Africa Nokwe, Duma 26th Mar Orlando Africa Publicly burns his pass in front of the press 1960 Commander South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Pretoria Africa Appointed Leader of the ANC's army, Umkhonto Wesizwe, "spear of the nation" 1960 Demonstrations South Africa Lutuli, Albert 28th Mar Cape Town Africa 50,000 demonstrate against the pass laws in the township of Langa 28th Mar The ANC's Day of Mourning for the Sharpeville Massacre 1960 Trial South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla 8th Aug Mandela 1st gives evidence at his trial Helps found the military wing of the ANC, Umkhonto We Sizwe Pretoria Africa The ANC flees to Mozambique & develops a military wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe 1961 ANC South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Pretoria Africa The ANC is banned from SouthAfrica 26th June Releases a press release calling for a national constitutional convention 26th June Threatens a nationwide campaign of non-co-operation June Durban Africa Authorized by Congress to form a military organization, separate from the ANC June Durban Africa Raises the question of armed struggle with the National Executive June Raises the question of armed struggle with the Working Committee 16th Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe 31st Dec Bombs are exploded at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto we Sizwe 1961 Bombing of Umkhonto South Africa Molife, Petrus 16th Dec Killed during the planting of bombs at power stations & Government offices by Umkhonto 1961 Conference of ANC South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Supports the idea of a national convention 1961 Nobel Prize South Africa Lutuli, Albert Mar Oslo Africa Winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace 1961 Strike South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla May Incites strike action 29th Mar The Judge dismisses the case because the ANC is not a Communist organization Nov Founds the High Command of the Umkhonto we Sizwe Nov Founds Umkhonto we Sizwe, "The Spear of the Nation" 16th Dec Leaflets are circulated nationally announcing the birth of Umkhonto we Sizwe 1961 Umkhonto We Sizwe South Africa Sisulu, Walter Founds Umkhonto, "The Spear of the Nation", member of the High Command 1961 Umkhonto We Sizwe South Africa Slovo, Joe Founds Umkhonto, "The Spear of the Nation", member of the High Command 1962 Arrest South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla 5th Aug Cedara Africa Arrested by the Sth African police, described in the press as the "Black Pimpernel" 1962 Arrest South Africa Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa Arrested for belonging to the banned ANC 1962 Conference of ANC South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Oct Lobatse Africa The ANC holds it's 1st annual conference since 1959, in Bechuanaland Oct Lobatse Africa The Conference links the ANC with the MK, the Umkhonto military wing Addis Ababa Africa ANC delegate at the Pan-African Freedom Movement for East, Central & Southern Africa Addis Ababa Africa Leaves Sth Africa illegally to attend the Conference 1962 Exile of Mbeki South Africa Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa Illegally leaves Sth Africa for England 1962 Trial South Africa Hepple, Bob 15th Oct Pretoria Africa Opening day of the Nelson Mandela trial, legal adviser to Mandela 1962 Trial South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Pretoria Africa The ANC sets up a "Free Nelson Mandela" Committee Nov Pretoria Africa Mandela is convicted of incitement & leaving the country illegally, given 5 yrs Nov Pretoria Africa Mandela represents himself & has Joe Slovo as a legal adviser 1962 Trial South Africa Slovo, Joe Nov Mandela represents himself & has Joe Slovo as a legal adviser 1963 Arrest South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla 29th Oct Pretoria Africa Arrested again in court on further charges of sabotage 1963 Arrest South Africa Motsoaledi, Caroline 9th Oct Held under the Ninety-Day Detention Act 1963 Arrest South Africa Sisulu, Albertina 9th Oct Held under the Ninety-Day Detention Act 1963 Arrest South Africa Sisulu, Walter 29th Oct Pretoria Africa Arrested again in court on further charges of sabotage 1963 Trial South Africa Fischer, Bram 29th Oct Pretoria Africa Succesfully defends Mandela 29th Oct Pretoria Africa The indictments against Mandela are quashed but Mandela is arrested again in Court 1963 Trial South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla July Mandela is sentenced to life imprisonment Dec Pretoria Africa Mandela & Sisulu are accused of 222 acts of sabotage 9th Oct Pretoria Africa Mandela is indicted with sabotage & conspiracy 9th Oct Pretoria Africa Opening day of the Nelson Mandela trial, the Rivonia Trial 29th Oct Pretoria Africa 1st day of the trial following the reading of the indictments on 9th Oct 29th Oct Pretoria Africa The indictments against Mandela are quashed but Mandela is arrested again in Court 1963 Trial South Africa Mtolo, Bruno Dec Pretoria Africa Main witness for the state against Mandela 1963 Trial South Africa Sisulu, Walter Dec Pretoria Africa Mandela & Sisulu are accused of 222 acts of sabotage 1964 Arrest South Africa Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla 2nd Feb President de Klerk announces his intention to release Nelson Mandela 1964 Arrest South Africa Mbeki, Govan Arrested with Nelson Mendella 1964 Trial South Africa Bernstein, Rusty 20th April Pretoria Africa Tried alongside Nelson Mendella 1964 Trial South Africa Chaskalson, Arthur Pretoria Africa Defence counsel 1964 Trial South Africa de Wet, Quartus Pretoria Africa Judge in the Rivonia trial 1964