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| Abdication Victor Emmanuel II |  |
| Abdicates in favor of his son, Humbert II |
| Alliance Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von |  |
| Berlin Abandons the National Liberals in favour of the Conservatives after the Kulturkampf |
| Assassination Okubo, Toshimichi |  |
| Assassinated by the followers of Saigo |
| Assassination Trepov, Fyodor Fyodorovich |  |
| Moscow Shot by Vera Zasulich |
| Moscow The Jury refuse to convict because of Trepov's repressive measures |
| Assassination Zasulich, Vera | |
| Moscow Assassinates Trepov the Chief of St Petersburg Police |
| Attorney Thompson, John Sparrow David |  |
| Appointed Attorney General in the provincial Government of Simon Holmes |
| Birth Aberhart, William | |
| 30th Dec Birth of William Aberhart |
| Birth Blomberg, Werner von | |
| 2nd Sep Pommern Birth of Werner von Blomberg |
| Birth Streseman, Gustav | |
| 10th May Berlin Birth of Gustav Streseman, son of an innkeeper |
| Birth Stanley, Frederick Arthur |  |
| 15th Jan Birth of Frederick Arthur Stanley |
| Birth Pahlavi |  |
| Birth of Rezah Shah Pahlavi |
| Birth Yoshida, Shigeru | |
| 22nd Sep Tokyo Born into the samurai family of the Tosa Clan |
| Capture of Adrianople Alexander II | |
| Adrianople Russia captures Adrianople |
| Capture of Adrianople Abdulhamid II |  |
| Adrianople Russia captures Adrianople |
| Capture of Kars Abdulhamid II | |
| 3rd Mar Kars Russia captures Kars from the Ottoman Empire |
| Catholic Centre Party Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| The struggle against socialism unites Bismarck with the Catholic Centre Party, bringing an end to the Kulturkampf, which had led to far greater Catholic unrest than existed beforehand and had strengthened rather than weakened Catholicism |
| Colonial Treasurer Ballance Ballance, John |  |
| Wellington Zealand Appointed Colonial Treasurer |
| Congress of Berlin Alexander |  |
| July Berlin The Congress of Berlin recognizes the independence of Bulgaria |
| Congress of Berlin Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| 13th June Berlin Opening day of the Congress of Berlin to resolve the "Eastern Question" |
| 13th June Berlin The congress aims to revise the Treaty of San Stefano and keep Constantinople in Ottoman hands and disavow Russia's victory over the decaying Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78 |
| 13th June Berlin The Congress of Berlin redistributes back to the Ottoman Empire certain Bulgarian territories that the previous treaty had given to the Principality of Bulgaria, most notably Macedonia |
| 13th June Berlin The congress revisedsor eliminates 18 of the 29 articles in the treaty of San Stefano using as a foundation the treaties of Paris (1856) and London (1871) |
| 13th June Berlin The meetings are held at Chancellor Bismarck's residence, the Reichskanzlei (chancellory), the former Radziwill Palace, from June 13, 1878 until July 13, 1878 |
| 13th July Berlin Closing day of the Congress of Berlin |
| Congress of Berlin Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst | |
| 13th June Berlin Represents Germany at the Congress of Berlin |
| Congress of Berlin Balfour, Arthur James | |
| Berlin Attends the Congress of Berlin with Lord Salisbury |
| July Berlin Returns home claiming, "peace with honour" |
| Congress of Berlin Disraeli, Benjamin | |
| July Berlin Disraeli signs a treaty, 1st time the title "Prime Minister" is officially used |
| July Berlin Returns home claiming, "peace with honour" |
| July Berlin The Congress of Berlin awards Cyprus to Britain |
| Congress of Berlin Carol I |  |
| July Berlin The Congress of Berlin recognizes the Independence of Romania |
| Congress of Berlin Milan I |  |
| Berlin The Congress of Berlin recognizes the independence of Serbia |
| Congress of Berlin Abdulhamid II | |
| Berlin The Turkish Government agrees to obey the Organic Law of 1868, and to guarantee the civil rights of non-Muslim subjects |
| Berlin Under the Congress of Berlin Bosnia and Herzegovina are placed under the administration of Austria-Hungary |
| 3rd Mar Berlin The congress aims to revise the treaty of San Stefano and keep Constantinople in Ottoman hands and disavow Russia's victory over the decaying Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78 |
| June Berlin Territory ceded by the Ottoman empire at San Stefano is returned |
| June Berlin The Congress leads to the treaty of Berlin which supersedes the treaty of San Stefano |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin cedes Ardahan to Russia |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin cedes Batum to Russia |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin cedes Cyprus to Britain |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin cedes Kars to Russia |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Montenegro |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Romania |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Serbia |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin creates a quasi-autonomous Ottoman province of Eastern Roumelia |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin places Bosnia-Hercegovina under Austro-Hungarian control |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin places Macedonia under Ottoman sovereignty |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin promises Crete constitutional government |
| 13th June Berlin Opening day of the Congress of Berlin to resolve the "Eastern Question" |
| Constitution Disraeli, Benjamin | |
| Berlin Disraeli signs a treaty, 1st time the title "Prime Minister" is officially used |
| Constitution Mutsuhito | |
| Establishment of Provincial Parliaments |
| Death Victor Emmanuel II | |
| Death of Victor Emmanuel II, in Egypt |
| Death Okubo, Toshimichi | |
| Death of Toshimichi Okubo, assassinated by the followers of Saigo |
| Death Trepov, Fyodor Fyodorovich | |
| Moscow Death of Fyodor Fyodorovich Trepov, assasinated |
| Dismissal Arthur, Chester Alan |  |
| New York Dismissed after an investigation into the corrupt practices of the customs house |
| Exile of Marti Marti, Jose |  |
| Returns from Spain |
| Field Marshal Hindenburg, Paul Ludwig Hans von | |
| Appointed Member of the General Staff |
| General Booth, William | |
| London Appointed General of the Salvation Army |
| Independence Alexander | |
| July Berlin The Congress of Berlin recognizes the independence of Bulgaria |
| July Sanefano Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the treaty of San Stefano |
| Independence Carol I | |
| Sanefano Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the treaty of San Stefano |
| Independence Milan I | |
| Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the treaty of San Stefano |
| Independence Abdulhamid II | |
| Sanefano Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the treaty of San Stefano |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Montenegro |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Romania |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin confirms the independence of Serbia |
| Invention Telephone Victoria | |
| 13th Jan Watches a demonstration of the telephone |
| Kulturkampf Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Berlin Falk is dismissed & most anti-Catholic laws are dismantled |
| Berlin Pius dies & is replaced by the conciliatory Leo X |
| The struggle against socialism unites Bismarck with the Catholic Centre Party, bringing an end to the Kulturkampf, which had led to far greater Catholic unrest than existed beforehand and had strengthened rather than weakened Catholicism |
| Kulturkampf Falk, Adalbert | |
| Falk is dismissed & most anti-Catholic laws dismantled |
| Pope Pius dies & is replaced by the more conciliatory Leo X |
| Lieutenant Capello, Luigi Attilio | |
| Appointed Lieutenant |
| Marriage Charlotte | |
| Saxe Meiningen Marries the Duke of Saxe-Meiningen |
| Minister of Argentina Balmaceda, Jose Manuel |  |
| Appointed Minister to Argentina |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs Gascoyne-Cecil, Robert Arthur Talbot | |
| Appointed Foreign Minister |
| Minister of Interior Ito | |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior |
| Minister of Interior Mahmud, Nedim Pasa | |
| Appointed Minister of the Interior |
| Minister of War Pasha, Osman Nuri | |
| Appointed Minister of War |
| Peerage Hardy | |
| Cranboork Created a Viscount |
| Pope Leo XIII | |
| Vatican Appointed Pope |
| PPS Balfour, Arthur James | |
| London Appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to his uncle, Lord Salisbury |
| President Parnell, Charles Stewart |  |
| Appointed President of the Home Rule Confederation |
| Prime Minister MacDonald, John Alexander | |
| Appointed Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada |
| Prime Minister Sprigg, John Gordon |  |
| 8th May Appointed Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, 1st term |
| Publication Balfour, Arthur James | |
| Publication of, "A Defence of Philosophic Doubt" |
| Rebellion Gordon, Charles George Hamilton | |
| London Many of the rebel leaders under Sulieman are rounded up & shot |
| Reform Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Berlin Prohibition of the Socialist Party press & organization |
| Rule of Batum Abdulhamid II | |
| June Batum The Congress of Berlin cedes Batum to Russia |
| Rule of Bosnia Abdulhamid II | |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin places Bosnia-Hercegovina under Austro-Hungarian control |
| Rule of Crete Abdulhamid II | |
| June Crete The Congress of Berlin promises Crete constitutional government |
| Rule of Disraeli, Benjamin | |
| Cyprus Demands Cyprus as the price for mediating a peace between Turkey & Russia |
| Cyprus On returning to London announce "I bring peace with honor & Cyprus" |
| July Berlin Disraeli signs a treaty, 1st time the title "Prime Minister" is officially used |
| Rule of Abdulhamid II | |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin cedes Cyprus to Britain |
| Rule of Kars Abdulhamid II | |
| June Kars The Congress of Berlin cedes Kars to Russia |
| Rule of Macedonia Abdulhamid II | |
| June Berlin The Congress of Berlin places Macedonia under Ottoman sovereignty |
| Rule of Roumelia Abdulhamid II | |
| June Roumelia The Congress of Berlin creates a quasi-autonomous Ottoman province of Eastern Roumelia |
| Salvation Army Booth, William | |
| Whitechapel Founds a Chris tian mission in Whitechapel which becomes the Salvation Army |
| SDP Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Berlin The SPD defends itself by conventions in London & Switzerland |
| Secretary Archivist Bucher, Adolf Lothar | |
| Appointed Secretary-Archivist at the Congress of Berlin |
| Secretary of Colonies Hicks Beach | |
| Appointed Colonial Secretary |
| Secretary of India Hardy | |
| Appointed Secretary for India |
| Secretary of War Stanley, Frederick Arthur | |
| Appointed Secretary of State for War |
| Siege of Pleven Pasha, Osman Nuri | |
| Pleven Forced to surrender Pleven to the Russians |
| Succession Umberto I | |
| 9th Jan Succeeds as King of Italy |
| Treaty of Berlin Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Berlin Acts as "the honest broker" |
| Berlin Russia gains Bessarabia, Bulgaria is reduced in size & placed under Turkish rule |
| Berlin Under the treaty of Berlin Romania gains Dobruja, Serbia & Montenegro become independent |
| Treaty of Berlin Disraeli, Benjamin | |
| Berlin Signs as "First Lord of the Treasury & Prime Minister of Her Britannic Majesty" |
| Treaty of San Stefano Alexander | |
| July Sanefano Independence of Serbia, Bulgaria & Romania is recognized by the treaty of San Stefano |
| Treaty of San Stefano Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| 13th June Berlin The congress revisedsor eliminates 18 of the 29 articles in the treaty of San Stefano using as a foundation the treaties of |
