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| Abdication Douglas, James |  |
| Lochleven Takes an active part in obtaining the consent of the Queen at Lochleven to an abdication |
| Abdication Maitland | |
| Supports Mary Queen of Scot's restoration |
| Abdication Mary of Scots | |
| May Declares that her abdication, and her consent to the coronation of James , had been extorted from her under threat of death |
| Alliance Henry IV |  |
| Paris Henry IV joins forces with the Hugenots |
| Arrest Campbell, Archibald | |
| Loch Leven Leads a force which assists Queen Mary's escape from Loch Leven |
| Arrest Mary of Scots | |
| Elizabeth refuses to grant Mary an interview & so becomes the focus of Catholic plots |
| Mary arrives in England where she is imprisoned for the rest of her life |
| Loch Leven For the next 19 years Mary lives in strict confinement |
| May Loch Leven Mary escapes, heading west to the country of the Hamiltons, high among her remaining supporters, with the determination to restore her rights as queen |
| 2nd May Loch Leven Escapes from Loch Leven & joins the supporters of Hamilton & Argyll |
| 18th May Carlisle Castle Kept under close guard by Elizabeth I in Carlisle Castle |
| 18th May Carlisle Kept under close guard by Elizabeth I in Carlisle Castle |
| Arrest Carlos |  |
| Arrested by his father, Philip II |
| Arrest Philip II | |
| Has his son Carlos arrested |
| Assassination Mary of Scots | |
| Nov Westminster The Casket Letters indicate Mary raped by Bothwell & plotted Darnley's death |
| Battle of Heilgerlee Louis of Nassau-Dietz |  |
| 23rd May Heiligerlee With 3,000 defeats a combined German & Spanish force under John, Duke of Arenberg |
| Battle of Jemmingen Louis of Nassau-Dietz | |
| 21st July Jemmingen Alva moves into the Northern Netherlands, entices Louis into battle & defeats him |
| 21st July Jemmingen Commands an army of Calvanist "Beggars" |
| 21st July Jemmingen Groningen is captured by the Dutch & ruled for 30 yrs after the battle of Jemmingen |
| 21st July Jemmingen The rebels lose 7,000 killed compared to Spain's 80 |
| Battle of Jemmingen Ferdinand Alvarez de | |
| 21st July Jemmingen The rebels lose 7,000 killed compared to Spain's 80 |
| 21st July Jemmingen Wishes to destroy the army of "Beggars" & crush an effective force of Dutch rebels |
| Battle of Jemmingen Toledo | |
| 21st July Jemmingen Alva moves into the nth Netherlands, entices Louis into battle & defeats him |
| Battle of Jodoigne Ferdinand Alvarez de | |
| 20th Oct Jodoigne Destroys the rear of William's Army forcing him back to Germany |
| Battle of Langside Campbell, Archibald | |
| Langside Commands Queen Mary's forces |
| Battle of Langside Douglas, James | |
| 13th May Langside Leads an army which defeats Mary Queen of Scots |
| 13th May Langside Mary & her escort rides off, eventually arriving at Dundrennan Abbey in Dumfries shire, some sixty miles to the south & from here she leaves for England, never to see Scotland again |
| Battle of Langside Mary of Scots | |
| 13th May Langside Mary escapes from prison, her supporters join her but are defeated by Moray |
| 13th May Langside Mary flees to England where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth In the Tower of London |
| 13th May Langside Mary's 6,000 army faces a smaller force under the Earl of Moray but is defeated |
| 13th May Langside Shortly after Mary's escape she is defeated at Langside |
| Battle of Langside Stewart, James | |
| Langside Moray recognises the security Dumbarton Castle would give Mary & moves his smaller, better-trained army to intercept, the forces confronted each other at Langside |
| 13th May Langside Mary escapes from Lochleven (May 2, 1568), the Duke of Chatelherault and other nobles rallied to her standard, but Moray gathers his allies and defeats her forces at the battle of Langside |
| 15th May Langside Defeats the Royalists who have helped Mary Queen of Scots escape from Loch Leven |
| Birth Crichton, Robert |  |
| Birth of Robert Crichton, 8th Earl Crichton of Sanquhar, son of Edward Crichton, 7th Lord Crichton of Sanquhar and Margaret Douglas |
| Bishops Bible Parker, Matthew | |
| Canterbury Promotes the Bishop's Bible |
| Capture of Honshu Oda, Nobunaga |  |
| Establishes control of Honshu & installs Ashikaga Yashiaka as Shogun |
| Commander Campbell, Archibald | |
| Lochleven Appointed Commander of Mary Queen of Scots' forces after her escape from Lochleven |
| Commissioner Howard | |
| Appointed Commissioner to inquire into Scottish affairs |
| Commissioner Howard, Thomas | |
| Appointed Commissioner to inquire into Scottish affairs |
| Death Alba | |
| 5th June Has Egmont executed, a loyal Roman Catholic subject |
| 5th June Has Hoorn executed, a loyal Roman Catholic subject |
| Death Carlos | |
| 24th July Death of Carlos , 7 months after being arrested by his father Philip II |
| Death Philip II | |
| 24th July Death of Carlos , Philip's son, 7 months after being arrested |
| Diplomacy Elizabeth I | |
| Elizabeth siezes Spanish bullion |
| Gold loaned to Spain by a Genoese merchant for Alva's troops is seized by Elizabeth |
| Philip of Spain places an embargo on English goods, Elizabeth freezes Spanish assets |
| Embargo Elizabeth I | |
| Philip of Spain places an embargo on English goods, Elizabeth freezes Spanish assets |
| Execution of Egmont Alba | |
| 5th June Has Egmont executed, a loyal Roman Catholic subject |
| Execution of Hoorn Alba | |
| 5th June Has Hoorn executed, a loyal Roman Catholic subject |
| Exile of Mary of Scots Mary of Scots | |
| 13th May Langside Cross es the border after the battle of Langside. hoping to be protected by Elizabeth |
| 13th May Langside Mary flees to England where she is imprisoned by Elizabeth In the Tower of London |
| 15th May Dundrennan Abbey Escapes to Dundrennan Abbey & in a written letter appeals to Elizabeth I for support |
| 16th May Solway Cross es the Solway into England |
| Exile of Stewart Stewart, James | |
| Forces Mary to flee to England, for this and the subsequent management of the kingdom he secures both civil and ecclesiastical peace, and earns the title of "the Good Regent" |
| Flanders College Allen, William | |
| Douai Founds a Catholic College to train missionaries for converting England to Catholicism |
| Homage Selim II |  |
| 17th Feb Constantinople Agrees to pay Maximilian II an annual "present" of 30,000 ducats |
| Invasion of Holland William I the Silent | |
| Launches a raid into the Spanish Netherlands from exile in Germany |
| Mobilization Stewart, James | |
| May Moray assembles a force of 4,000 to oppose Mary Queen of Scot's attempt to regain her throne |
| Peace Maximilian II |  |
| Concludes a disastrous truce with Turkey |
| Plot Louis I | |
| Louis begins a war against the House of Guise when he fails to capture the King |
| Plot Philip II | |
| Philip II accuses his son Carlos of sedition & trying to usurp the throne |
| President Radcliffe | |
| Appointed President of the Council of the North |
| Rebellion Elizabeth I | |
| Mary arrives in England & is imprisoned, followed by a rebellion of northern nobility |
| Rebellion Mary of Scots | |
| May Lanarkshire Mary gathers together a force of 6,000 to regain her throne |
| May Lanarkshire With an escort of 50 horse led by Lord Claud Hamilton arrives in Lanarkshire, soon to be joined by a wide-cross section of the nobility, including the earls of Argyll, Cassillis, Rothes and Eglinton |
| Rule of Groningen Louis of Nassau-Dietz | |
| 21st July Groiningen Groningen is captured by the Dutch & ruled for 30 yrs after the battle of Jemmingen |
| Siege of Groningen Maurice of Nassau-Dietz | |
| Groningen Lays siege to Groningen but is driven away by the Duke of Alva's Spanish army |
| Succession Albert Frederick | |
| Prussia Succeeds as Duke of Prussia |
| Succession John III |  |
| Stockholm Succeeds as King of Sweden, 2nd son of Gustav I Vasa |
| Treaty of Longjumeau Henry IV | |
| Longjumeau The treaty of Longjumeau ends the 2nd War of Religion |
| Treaty of Longjumeau Louis I | |
| Mar Longjumeau Makes a temporary peace with the House of Guise |
| Trial Elizabeth I | |
| Oct York Norfolk plans to marry Mary & secure a Scottish alliance, the trial is moved to London |
| 4th Oct York Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler |
| 4th Oct York Elizabeth's representitives try cases forwarded by Moray's & Mary's representitives |
| 3rd Nov Westminster Orders that Mary's trial be moved to Westminster |
| Trial Howard | |
| Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler |
| April Norfolk plans to marry Mary & secure a Scottish alliance |
| April London Elizabeth moves the trial to London |
| Trial Howard, Thomas | |
| Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler |
| April Norfolk plans to marry Mary & secure a Scottish alliance |
| April London Elizabeth moves the trial to London |
| Trial Radcliffe | |
| York Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler |
| Trial Sadler, Ralph | |
| 4th Oct York Elizabeth is represented by the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Sussex & Ralph Sadler |
| Trial Mary of Scots | |
| Oct York Norfolk plans to marry Mary, Elizabeth moves the trial to London |
| 4th Oct York Elizabeth's representitives try cases forwarded by Moray's & Mary's representitives |
| 4th Oct York Mary refuses to acknowledge the authority of the court |
| 4th Oct York Says Bothwell was acqitted & her marriage to him was approved by the Scottish Lords |
| Nov Westminster The Casket Letters exposed, written from Mary to Bothwell, only copies are found |
| Nov Westminster The Casket Letters indicate Mary had been raped by Bothwell & plotted to kill Darnley |
| 3rd Nov Westminster Mary is refused permission to present her own case |
| 3rd Nov Westminster Mary's trial moves to Westmnster |
| 16th Dec Hampton Court the trial is private as the Queen of Scotland cannot be tried by an English Court |
| 16th Dec Hampton Court The trial of Mary Queen of Scots moves to Hampton Court |
| Trial Stewart, James | |
| 4th Oct York Justifies his rebellion because Mary did not prosecute Bothwell for Darnley's murder |
| Dec York Puts the case against Mary Queen of Scots on behalf of James I |
