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| Alliance Elizabeth I |  |
| 27th Feb Allows Elizabeth to protect Scotland |
| Alliance Howard, Thomas | |
| Jan Forth Forces the French to leave the Forth |
| 27th Feb Concludes an Alliance with the Scottish Lords |
| Arrest Louis I |  |
| 5th Dec The King dies & Louis ' death sentence is commuted, the Queen Mother needs his support |
| Battle of Lieth Elizabeth I | |
| Lieth French forces are starved into submission at Lieth |
| Battle of Prestonpans Elizabeth I | |
| 28th Mar Prestonpans Lord Grey is ordered to send the Army to join the Scots against the French |
| Birth Chodikiewicz, Jan Karol |  |
| Birth of Jan Chodikiewicz |
| Bishop of Lincoln Bullingham, Nicholas | |
| Lincoln Appointed Bishop of Lincoln |
| Bishop of Nicastro Innocent IX |  |
| Nicastro Appointed Bishop of Nicastro |
| Capture of Edinburgh Stewart, James |  |
| Edinburgh Recaptures Edinburgh with English help |
| Capture of Jerba Suleyman I the Magnificent |  |
| Jerba The Turks capture Jerba |
| Capture of Owari Oda, Nobunaga |  |
| Owari Defeats Yoshimoto & subjugates Owari Province |
| Death Dudley, Robert | |
| 8th Sep London Dudley's wife dies under suspicious circumstances |
| Death Elizabeth I | |
| 11th Sep London Announces the death of Dudley's wife |
| Death Hamilton, James | |
| When Francis II dies Hamilton attempts, without success, to arrange for his son James to marry the young widowed Queen Mary |
| Diplomacy Elizabeth I | |
| Edinburgh Scottish Lords propose Alliance with England |
| Edinburgh Scottish Lords want Arran to marry Elizabeth |
| London Scotland recognizes Elizabeth as Queen of England |
| Diplomacy Hepburn, James | |
| Paris Meets Mary Queen of Scots |
| Invasion of Scotland Elizabeth I | |
| 27th Feb the Scots provide a force for an invasion of Scotland by France |
| 15th July The English army withdraws from Scotland |
| Invasion of Scotland Mary of Guise | |
| Lieth French forces are starved into submission at Lieth |
| Invention Camera Obscura Porta, Battista | |
| Invents the Camera oobscura |
| Marriage Elizabeth I | |
| Edinburgh Scottish Lords want Arran to marry Elizabeth |
| Marriage Howard, Thomas | |
| 27th Feb Elizabeth takes over the protection of Scotland during Mary's mariage with the Dauphin |
| Marriage Seymour, Edward | |
| London Secretly marries Lady Catherine Grey, sister of Lady Jane Grey |
| Marriage Hamilton, James | |
| When Francis II dies Hamilton attempts, without success, to arrange for his son James to marry the young widowed Queen Mary |
| Marriage Hepburn, James | |
| Marries Anna Throndsson in Denmark |
| Marriage Philip II |  |
| 27th June Madrid Marries Elizabeth of Valois , daughter of Henry II of France |
| Mass Mary of Scots | |
| 16th Aug The Scottish Parliament prohibits Mass, under pain of death for a 3rd offence |
| Peerage Talbot | |
| Shrewsbury Created Earl of Shrewsbury, 6th |
| Plot Louis I | |
| Plots to capture Francis II, believes his elder brother should be Regent |
| Rebellion Knox, John | |
| St Giles Brands Mary a "Scottish whore" & from the pulpit of St Giles calls for her overthrow |
| Reform Elizabeth I | |
| Aug Elizabeth I is made Protector of the Scottish Church |
| Aug The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation |
| Reform Knox, John | |
| Draws up a code for the organization of the Church |
| Preaches full equality & election of ministers by their congregation |
| Reform Mary of Scots | |
| Aug Elizabeth I is made Protector |
| Aug The Scottish Parliament carries out the Scottish Reformation |
| 11th Aug The Scottish Parliament promulgates a Protestant confession of faith |
| 16th Aug The Scottish Parliament abolishes the Pope's jurisdiction |
| 16th Aug The Scottish Parliament prohibits Mass, under pain of death for a 3rd offence |
| Regency Catherine de Medicis | |
| Appointed Regenet for her son Charles IX |
| Royal Occassion Elizabeth I | |
| Deptford Attends a mock naval battle held in Deptford |
| Scandal Dudley, Robert | |
| 8th Sep London An inquest says Dudley's wife's death was accidental |
| Siege of Forth Howard, Thomas | |
| 23rd Jan Forth Lands at Forth & sails for the communication line between Leith & the French |
| Siege of Leith Mary of Scots | |
| Aug Leith English troops besiege Leith, held by the queen regent, in aid of the "reformers" |
| Siege of Lieth Mary of Guise | |
| Lieth French forces are starved into submission at Lieth |
| St Basil's Cathedral Ivan IV the Terrible |  |
| Moscow Ivan IV (the Terrible) builds St. Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, Moscow; painted onion domes become symbol of Russia, epitome of Russo-Byzantine architecture |
| Succession Elizabeth I | |
| London Succeeds as Queen of England |
| Succession Charles IX | |
| Paris Succeeds as King of France, kingdom ruled by his mother Catherine de Medicus |
| Succession Erik XIV |  |
| Stockholm Succeeds as King of Sweden |
| Sucide of Robsart Elizabeth I | |
| 8th Sep London An inquest says Dudley's wife's death was accidental |
| 11th Sep London Possible suicide caused by Dudley's advances to Elizabeth |
| Treaty of Berwick Elizabeth I | |
| 27th Feb Berwick Concludes an anti French treaty with the Scottish Lords of the Congregation |
| 27th Feb Berwick England agrees to send Scotland support to preserve "their old freedom & liberty" |
| 27th Feb Berwick The English try to help Scottish Protestant Lords overthrow the Catholic Mary of Guise |
| Treaty of Berwick Mary of Guise | |
| 27th Feb Berwick England agrees to send Scotland support to preserve "their old freedom & liberty" |
| Treaty of Berwick Mary of Scots | |
| 27th Feb Berwick Signed by Lord James & Norfolk, England can intervene to help the "reformers" |
| Treaty of Edinburgh Cecil, William | |
| Calais Elizabeth is rejects the treaty because France does not recognise Calais as English |
| Edinburgh Secures the Treaty of Edinburgh with the French |
| Edinburgh The French agree to leave Scotland |
| Treaty of Edinburgh Elizabeth I | |
| 6th July Edinburgh Confirms the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis |
| 6th July Edinburgh English & French troops will withraw from Scotland |
| 6th July Edinburgh France & England will not interfere & hand over Government to a Scottish Council of 12 |
| 6th July Edinburgh Under the treaty of Edinburgh Francis & Mary recognize Elizabeth I |
| Treaty of Edinburgh Mary of Scots | |
| 6th July Edinburgh English & French troops will withraw from Scotland |
| 6th July Edinburgh Under the treaty of Edinburgh Francis & Mary recognize Elizabeth I |
| Trial Louis I | |
| 31st Oct Sentenced to death for his part in the Conspiracy of Ambois |
| Westminster School Elizabeth I | |
| Westminster School Founds Westminster School |
